Jan Saenredam, Allegory of the Flourishing State of the United Provinces, 1602. Engraving with hand coloring. Museum purchase through the Robert and Sonia Carringer Art Acquisitions Fund. 2018-9-1
Comedians, editorial cartoons, and memes harness the power of satire, parody, and hyperbole to provoke laughter, indignation—even action. These forms of expression are usually traced to eighteenth-century artists, such as William Hogarth, but they are grounded in the unprecedented freedom of artistic expression in the seventeenth-century Dutch Republic. This exhibition explores the myriad and complex visual strategies early modern printmakers in the United Provinces used to memorialize historical events, lionize and demonize domestic and international leaders, and form consensus for collective action.
The exhibition will be on view at Krannert Art Museum (KAM) in Fall 2022, before traveling to three other venues in Spring 23, Fall 23, and Spring 24. It consists of 100 prints and illustrated books (55 in the traveling version), with with allegories, satires, cartoon strips, portraits, maps, and “news prints” (images of current events).
The Dutch Republic had much to offer artists: an influx of wealth and innovative ideas from religious and political refugees; new knowledge and commodities from global trade and exploration; new art markets; and more. However, the Dutch had no means of effectively censoring the media. Printmakers exploited this unprecedented freedom to criticize leaders at home and abroad and to try to shape political policy and action. The decentralized nature of the Dutch government also led to chronic infighting between rival factions, as well as to international conflicts about sovereignty, trade routes, and territories. This volatility only provided more fodder for printmakers to create images, which numerous audiences relied upon to stay informed, celebrate victories and mourn defeats, and to stoke the fires of partisanship.
Dutch printmakers experimented with graphic visual language in a daring and subversive fashion. They supplemented conventions and tropes inherited from medieval and Renaissance maps, city views, book illustrations, news prints, and polemical prints and established new forms of expression. While some of their prints employ visual puns and humor that even the illiterate could enjoy, others were captioned in Latin or French as well as Dutch, enticing educated elites across Europe to explore the relationship between text and image. Through mercantile and diplomatic channels, Dutch political prints transcended national and temporal boundaries to make a lasting impact.
Organized in six sections, the exhibition explores the continuity and development of tactics and themes used to picture political beliefs and events. These include: Dutch Lions and Other Political Animals (animal satire); Founding Fathers/Fallen Fathers (murdered politicians); Spoils of the Seas (Dutch East and West India Companies, seafaring, naval warfare); Face of the Enemy (war crimes, criminals, etc.); Men of Action/Women of Honor (Dutch men, women, and children); Romeyn de Hooghe: Propaganda Master (arguably the most important political printmaker in seventeenth-century Europe).
Thanks to several recent and substantial purchases, KAM has one of the best collections of Dutch political prints outside Europe. These prints shaped collective memory, played a part in propaganda campaigns, and caused even international incidents. But their impact goes beyond the seventeenth century to resonate with contemporary visual culture. Dutch printmakers used trolling tactics long before the invention of the internet; they concealed damaging information, told outright lies, and ridiculed public figures using an array of strategies akin to those of today’s cartoonists and comedians. These prints stoked collective unrest, scorn, and even violence—functions images continue to serve.
Curated by Maureen Warren, Curator of European and American Art
This exhibition will be on view at University Galleries, University of San Diego from Feb 10 - May 12, 2023.
Ricker Library of Architecture and Art has developed a library guide with details about this exhibition, as well as supplementary materials and curator-recommended readings: Fake News & Lying Pictures Library Guide
The exhibition is accompanied by a scholarly publication designed and produced by Lucia | Marquand, with Maureen Warren as lead author and editor.
Publication and Ordering information are available here: Paper Knives, Paper Crowns
Co-sponsored and supported by the College of Fine and Applied Arts, Communication at Illinois, Department of French & Italian, Department of Spanish & Portuguese, History at Illinois, Department of Germanic Languages and Literatures, Center for East Asian and Pacific Studies, School of Art + Design Visitor Series, European Union Center.
Exhibition and publication are made possible with grant support from the Getty Foundation through its initiative, The Paper Project: Prints and Drawings Curatorship in the 21st Century; as part of the Dutch Culture USA program by the Consulate General of the Netherlands in New York; Ambassade De France, the Cultural Services of the French Embassy in the United States; and by the Gladys Krieble Delmas Foundation; The Samuel H. Kress Foundation; the Netherland-America Foundation; Historians of Netherlandish Art; Association of Print Scholars; and the Illinois Arts Council, a state agency. Additional funding is provided by the Rosann Gelvin Noel Fund.
Publication is made possible in part by a grant from Furthermore: A Program of the J.M. Kaplan Fund and a gift from Elizabeth Warnock to the Department of Art History at Northwestern University.
Comedians, editorial cartoons, and memes harness the power of satire, parody, and hyperbole to provoke laughter, indignation—even action. These forms of expression are usually traced to eighteenth-century artists, such as William Hogarth, but they are grounded in the unprecedented freedom of artistic expression in the seventeenth-century Dutch Republic. [Curated by Maureen Warren, Curator of European and American Art. With loans; at KAM Aug 25, 2022 through Dec 17, 2022; traveling exhibit]
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